“Universities have the right to grant ‘degrees’… and THAT is their major and ongoing source of power.”

This power was greatly enhanced by the destructive 1971 U.S. Supreme Court decision, Griggs vs. Duke Power. Few people are aware that the judges, for all practical purposes, outlawed employee testing as the number one determiner of their qualifications. Since too many blacks were incapable of passing tests—they were held to be inherently discriminatory. This abstractly was supposed to encourage employers to provide tests that were very specific to the job. Unintentionally, however, the employers instead concluded that it was legally safer for them to simply demand credentials! Immediately afterwards, two years degrees and the bachelor’s diploma often became the norm.