Military men could probably give us the statistics, but low firing rates have always been a problem for commanders, even in regular armies. You might have as few as 8% or 10% of your men actually firing their guns in an assault: 17% in some battles has been considered good.

Confederate soldiers in the Civil War were more effective because most of them were accustomed to handling and firing guns at living targets (game). The Yankees, many of them, were city boys who didn’t have that experience, and were hampered by the type of inhibition that the Indian police showed. Hence, lower firing rates and less effectiveness in the Union army. (Worse generals, too, but that’s another factor!)

I wonder how much practice shooting the Indian cops get?