A simple solution:
(1) After paying federal taxes every year, all tax filers would receive a code number, in the form of a sticker.
(2) When voting in a federal election, the voter would bring the sticker, and the vote judges would transfer the code number to the ballot.
(3) The vote tallying computers would scan the code number (think UPC code) and multiply the vote by the number of tax dollars actually paid.

Result:
(a) People that did not pay taxes, or did not provide a code number, would have their vote multiplied by the number 100. (Equivalent to paying 100 dollars of tax per year.)
(b) The people who paid taxes would have their votes weighted by the amount of tax paid. Pay a lot, your vote gets weighted more.

Implications — tax cheats and the wealthy who don’t earn “income” — their votes are devalued. Middle class taxpayers suddenly dominate the vote in a major way. And it fixes the problem that all those who pay no taxes or get “earn income credit” (almost 50% of the population now) cannot vote goodies from the government for themselves from those who pay for it.