A helpful thing to remember is that the founders anticipated the tensions in the republic between the big cities and the small towns, the large populous states and the small states.

The strove to tilt power away from the urban centers because they believed that the urban centers were morally corrupting. That good government needed good character–which is not generally produced in urban centers.

If you look around the country you’ll notice that the state capitals are never in the major cities of any state. The state capital of New York is Albany, not New York City. The state capital of California is Sacramento, not LA or San Francisco. The state capital of Texas is Austin, not Dallas or Houston.

This was intentional. The founders believed that the state capitals should be away from the major places of commerce–because they rightly believed that politicians could be bought.

The same thing went for the make up of congress. While the house could overweight populous states, the senate weighted all states equally no matter how large or small by acreage or people.