With respect to the August 1998 missile attacks on Bin Laden’s camps in Afghanistan, there was every reason to believe that Bin Laden and his main staff would not be present at these camps at that time.

Here’s how Osama was tipped off to the missile attacks:

CNN August 13, 1998- “Terrorist base camps evacuated after embassy bombings”

NY Times August 18, 1998- ISLAMABAD “The American Ambassador told an anxious audience of some 150 Americans this afternoon that a charter plane would be arriving on Tuesday morning to evacuate dependents of embassy employees ………” “One man in the audience asked Ambassador Simons about rumors the US was about to launch an attack on bin Laden……………….. The ambassador would not comment on that.”

DAWN (Karachi English language newspaper) August 20, 1998 editorial- “Account must be taken of the rumours with which Islamabad is awash that the move to evacuate Americans from Pakistan is connected with a possible strike against bin Laden’s refuge in Afghanistan.”

In addition, on August 20th the cruise missiles were launched from warships more than 600 or so miles from their targets. They cruise at about 600 mph, at low altitudes to evade radar, but making loud sounds as they go. So, for an hour they were over Pakistan on their noisy way to Afghanistan, time enough for bin Laden to be alerted to the attack.

PS I have the articles referred to above.