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	<title>Comments on: How to Prevent a Digital 9/11</title>
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		<title>By: ate mely</title>
		<link>http://pjmedia.com/blog/how-to-prevent-a-digital-911/#comment-173257</link>
		<dc:creator>ate mely</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2008 03:53:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pajamasmedia.com/?p=42036#comment-173257</guid>
		<description>Mr. Martin, your scenario really happen recently in most of Monmouth county, NJ. The county went dark. House internet phone and cell phone had no connections, traffic lights suddenly went off, heat was off, refrigerator stuff melting. The safest place was in the car park in the driveway with flashlights, alternately run the car to keep warm and for light. Once we got use to the limited light, my two charges and I went back to the house and huddled in blankets and sang songs, close all the drapes and shades, did not open the refrigerator until the light came on several hours later.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mr. Martin, your scenario really happen recently in most of Monmouth county, NJ. The county went dark. House internet phone and cell phone had no connections, traffic lights suddenly went off, heat was off, refrigerator stuff melting. The safest place was in the car park in the driveway with flashlights, alternately run the car to keep warm and for light. Once we got use to the limited light, my two charges and I went back to the house and huddled in blankets and sang songs, close all the drapes and shades, did not open the refrigerator until the light came on several hours later.</p>
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		<title>By: rkeen</title>
		<link>http://pjmedia.com/blog/how-to-prevent-a-digital-911/#comment-173228</link>
		<dc:creator>rkeen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2008 02:12:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pajamasmedia.com/?p=42036#comment-173228</guid>
		<description>Charlie (Colorado) - I am sure you are correct, there probably are many plants that have vulnerable connections, however, this has been a known issue within the power community for sometime. The point is, there is a limit to the physical damage that can be done to the plants themselves with a cyber attack , and its the physical damage that really matters. In the end, in an emergency, if I want my plant to operate, it will operate with or without a DCS.

In a wide area outage there are,of course, many more issues, but its not as if it is impossible. One of the complaints I often hear about the transmission system is that it is outdated. As far as Im concerned thats as much a feature as a bug, in my experience the older eqipment is much more durable and more immune to these type attacks.

I will agree with you, the grid has its vulnerabilities. This is shown everytime a mother nature decides to laugh at global warming. But, considering the number of floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, snowfalls, freezing weather, fires and human error that assaults the grid every year. I think the grid as a whole is much more stable than often appriciated. The utilities that care for the grid should be applauded.

Just to be clear, Im not discounting the article. Im simply saying that the dangers needs to be kept in perspective.

Anyway, just my two cents.  Have a great Christmas</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Charlie (Colorado) &#8211; I am sure you are correct, there probably are many plants that have vulnerable connections, however, this has been a known issue within the power community for sometime. The point is, there is a limit to the physical damage that can be done to the plants themselves with a cyber attack , and its the physical damage that really matters. In the end, in an emergency, if I want my plant to operate, it will operate with or without a DCS.</p>
<p>In a wide area outage there are,of course, many more issues, but its not as if it is impossible. One of the complaints I often hear about the transmission system is that it is outdated. As far as Im concerned thats as much a feature as a bug, in my experience the older eqipment is much more durable and more immune to these type attacks.</p>
<p>I will agree with you, the grid has its vulnerabilities. This is shown everytime a mother nature decides to laugh at global warming. But, considering the number of floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, snowfalls, freezing weather, fires and human error that assaults the grid every year. I think the grid as a whole is much more stable than often appriciated. The utilities that care for the grid should be applauded.</p>
<p>Just to be clear, Im not discounting the article. Im simply saying that the dangers needs to be kept in perspective.</p>
<p>Anyway, just my two cents.  Have a great Christmas</p>
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		<title>By: Kirk Parker</title>
		<link>http://pjmedia.com/blog/how-to-prevent-a-digital-911/#comment-173061</link>
		<dc:creator>Kirk Parker</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Dec 2008 16:45:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pajamasmedia.com/?p=42036#comment-173061</guid>
		<description>Charlie (Colorado), you can &lt;i&gt;assert&lt;/i&gt; you read me, but your words belie that.  What does 9/11 have to do with the author&#039;s proposed scenario?  They acted against 3 targets, using a somewhat novel method, and had a 33% failure rate.  &lt;i&gt;And I repeatedly stated that the individual threats are credible&lt;/i&gt;.  

So let me beat the dead horse one more time: the problem is the author (and the folks he cites) claiming that anyone could pull of a massive distributed attack numbering thousands (if not more) of disparate, distributed systems, each of them with widely differing vulnerabilities (saying &quot;I know of plants that indeed have vulnerable outside connections&quot; is just another way of saying &quot;there are others that don&#039;t&quot;) and have a 100% success rate &lt;i&gt;all on the same evening&lt;/i&gt;.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Charlie (Colorado), you can <i>assert</i> you read me, but your words belie that.  What does 9/11 have to do with the author&#8217;s proposed scenario?  They acted against 3 targets, using a somewhat novel method, and had a 33% failure rate.  <i>And I repeatedly stated that the individual threats are credible</i>.  </p>
<p>So let me beat the dead horse one more time: the problem is the author (and the folks he cites) claiming that anyone could pull of a massive distributed attack numbering thousands (if not more) of disparate, distributed systems, each of them with widely differing vulnerabilities (saying &#8220;I know of plants that indeed have vulnerable outside connections&#8221; is just another way of saying &#8220;there are others that don&#8217;t&#8221;) and have a 100% success rate <i>all on the same evening</i>.</p>
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		<title>By: Charlie (Colorado)</title>
		<link>http://pjmedia.com/blog/how-to-prevent-a-digital-911/#comment-172868</link>
		<dc:creator>Charlie (Colorado)</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Dec 2008 05:08:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pajamasmedia.com/?p=42036#comment-172868</guid>
		<description>rkeen, I know of plants that indeed have vulnerable outside connections, and no I&#039;m not going to say which.  But the power grid is far more vulnerable, and unstable enough I&#039;m amazed it works as it is.  (But then I&#039;m a digital guy: power engineering is black magic.)

Kabud, thanks for the nice words on Solaris, I have a lot of friends in the Solaris Security group.  The thing about an EMP attack is that it takes a pretty overt act: a fission bomb in the upper atmosphere.  We would have some idea how to react to that.  If someone could, in effect, simulate that in software, what would we do?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>rkeen, I know of plants that indeed have vulnerable outside connections, and no I&#8217;m not going to say which.  But the power grid is far more vulnerable, and unstable enough I&#8217;m amazed it works as it is.  (But then I&#8217;m a digital guy: power engineering is black magic.)</p>
<p>Kabud, thanks for the nice words on Solaris, I have a lot of friends in the Solaris Security group.  The thing about an EMP attack is that it takes a pretty overt act: a fission bomb in the upper atmosphere.  We would have some idea how to react to that.  If someone could, in effect, simulate that in software, what would we do?</p>
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		<title>By: Charlie (Colorado)</title>
		<link>http://pjmedia.com/blog/how-to-prevent-a-digital-911/#comment-172866</link>
		<dc:creator>Charlie (Colorado)</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Dec 2008 05:03:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pajamasmedia.com/?p=42036#comment-172866</guid>
		<description>Kirk, I read what you said; I don&#039;t have the confidence you do.  The al-Qaeda folks managed to find 20 guys ready to die to hurt us; how many guys in pajamas can they find.  The UPCD scenario involved picking a bad weather event, and a *few* &quot;kinetic attacks&quot;.  Would it end civilization?  No, but it could sure make for a bad could weeks.

Scott, the point about particular points is well-taken.  Generally port 23, for example, ought to be blocked -- but there are a lot of things that still depend on plain telnet.

Control systems etc engineer, I&#039;m sorry, but you&#039;re simply wrong.  Many of those systems are indeed available through the net -- or via dial-in -- so that operators can troubleshoot remotely.  Go read the stuff on USPCD.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Kirk, I read what you said; I don&#8217;t have the confidence you do.  The al-Qaeda folks managed to find 20 guys ready to die to hurt us; how many guys in pajamas can they find.  The UPCD scenario involved picking a bad weather event, and a *few* &#8220;kinetic attacks&#8221;.  Would it end civilization?  No, but it could sure make for a bad could weeks.</p>
<p>Scott, the point about particular points is well-taken.  Generally port 23, for example, ought to be blocked &#8212; but there are a lot of things that still depend on plain telnet.</p>
<p>Control systems etc engineer, I&#8217;m sorry, but you&#8217;re simply wrong.  Many of those systems are indeed available through the net &#8212; or via dial-in &#8212; so that operators can troubleshoot remotely.  Go read the stuff on USPCD.</p>
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		<title>By: Ann</title>
		<link>http://pjmedia.com/blog/how-to-prevent-a-digital-911/#comment-172820</link>
		<dc:creator>Ann</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Dec 2008 02:58:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pajamasmedia.com/?p=42036#comment-172820</guid>
		<description>I have zero expertise and insight into software issues--but I cringe whenever anything involving the bureaucracy is presented as a solution to ANYTHING.

Obviously, the scenario presented raises issues that require somebody (somebody? anybody?) to think way outside the box--like the bad guys do.

I think our entire physical infrastructure, in addition to the ISP issues referenced here, is incredibly vulnerable.  I&#039;m beginning to wonder when the bad guys will figure out just how vulnerable: water, power, food distribution, energy transmission lines, etc.  We are sitting ducks at every level, and with the nincompoop PC administrators and regulatory agencies that run them, I wonder if the wakeup will come in time.

One of the reasons we were so very grateful to get out of Mexifornia when we did, many years ago, was because we always knew (with a slight chill) that there were really only about 4 roads of any size out of there...and we always knew as well that local supplies (groceries, fuel) were never more than a 4-5 day provision.

This is flat scary.  I hope people who understand the issues are doing more than creating storylines about it.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have zero expertise and insight into software issues&#8211;but I cringe whenever anything involving the bureaucracy is presented as a solution to ANYTHING.</p>
<p>Obviously, the scenario presented raises issues that require somebody (somebody? anybody?) to think way outside the box&#8211;like the bad guys do.</p>
<p>I think our entire physical infrastructure, in addition to the ISP issues referenced here, is incredibly vulnerable.  I&#8217;m beginning to wonder when the bad guys will figure out just how vulnerable: water, power, food distribution, energy transmission lines, etc.  We are sitting ducks at every level, and with the nincompoop PC administrators and regulatory agencies that run them, I wonder if the wakeup will come in time.</p>
<p>One of the reasons we were so very grateful to get out of Mexifornia when we did, many years ago, was because we always knew (with a slight chill) that there were really only about 4 roads of any size out of there&#8230;and we always knew as well that local supplies (groceries, fuel) were never more than a 4-5 day provision.</p>
<p>This is flat scary.  I hope people who understand the issues are doing more than creating storylines about it.</p>
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		<title>By: rkeen</title>
		<link>http://pjmedia.com/blog/how-to-prevent-a-digital-911/#comment-172778</link>
		<dc:creator>rkeen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Dec 2008 01:06:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pajamasmedia.com/?p=42036#comment-172778</guid>
		<description>As a Control Room Supervisor for Gas Turbine power plants I have to disagree with the idea that a cyber attack could severely damage a power plant&#039;s control systems. From my personal experience, most plants have almost no connectivity between the internet and actual control systems. There are ways to dial in for remote assistance, but most every Control Room Operator I have ever know makes a point of ensuring they are plugged in only when absolutely necessary.(Being a control freak is part of the job.) Also, recent NERC regulations have laid down very strict rules concerning having control systems hooked up to the net or phone lines. 

I cant comment on control of the grid itself, but I just cant bring myself to believe the hollywood image of some supervillain dailing in and taking control of &quot;the grid&quot;. 
I think most people would be surprised at how decentralized and fractured power distribution in this country is. There is good and bad in that.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As a Control Room Supervisor for Gas Turbine power plants I have to disagree with the idea that a cyber attack could severely damage a power plant&#8217;s control systems. From my personal experience, most plants have almost no connectivity between the internet and actual control systems. There are ways to dial in for remote assistance, but most every Control Room Operator I have ever know makes a point of ensuring they are plugged in only when absolutely necessary.(Being a control freak is part of the job.) Also, recent NERC regulations have laid down very strict rules concerning having control systems hooked up to the net or phone lines. </p>
<p>I cant comment on control of the grid itself, but I just cant bring myself to believe the hollywood image of some supervillain dailing in and taking control of &#8220;the grid&#8221;.<br />
I think most people would be surprised at how decentralized and fractured power distribution in this country is. There is good and bad in that.</p>
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		<title>By: Ian Thorpe</title>
		<link>http://pjmedia.com/blog/how-to-prevent-a-digital-911/#comment-172625</link>
		<dc:creator>Ian Thorpe</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 20 Dec 2008 19:21:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pajamasmedia.com/?p=42036#comment-172625</guid>
		<description>Having been one of those computer guys who &quot;cared&quot; and who screamed warnings at the Emperpor&#039;s New Clothes type folly of embracing almost security free technologies like the the www (not the internet which is a different and altogether more professionall conceived beast) and Microsoft&#039;s early Windows offerings I congratulate you on summing up so well the absolute folly of entrusting the systems that society relies on to companies whose only qualification was their own self-certification of competence. Sadly the American electorate have just chosen a President on the same basis.

When I have suggested a very simple regulation for the web people start screaming at me about constitutional rights and free speech on the web. But what is a constitutional right to free speech worth when some nerdy hacker can wipe a person&#039;s hard drive because he does not like something they posed?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Having been one of those computer guys who &#8220;cared&#8221; and who screamed warnings at the Emperpor&#8217;s New Clothes type folly of embracing almost security free technologies like the the www (not the internet which is a different and altogether more professionall conceived beast) and Microsoft&#8217;s early Windows offerings I congratulate you on summing up so well the absolute folly of entrusting the systems that society relies on to companies whose only qualification was their own self-certification of competence. Sadly the American electorate have just chosen a President on the same basis.</p>
<p>When I have suggested a very simple regulation for the web people start screaming at me about constitutional rights and free speech on the web. But what is a constitutional right to free speech worth when some nerdy hacker can wipe a person&#8217;s hard drive because he does not like something they posed?</p>
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		<title>By: BC</title>
		<link>http://pjmedia.com/blog/how-to-prevent-a-digital-911/#comment-172582</link>
		<dc:creator>BC</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 20 Dec 2008 17:57:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pajamasmedia.com/?p=42036#comment-172582</guid>
		<description>To Control systems/Electrical/Chemical engineer:

Maybe, maybe not:
http://www.nationaljournal.com/njmagazine/cs_20080531_6948.php

I personally think the first instance described, the northern/midwest blackout in 2003, was triggered by a hack that cascaded out of control thanks mostly to shoddy maintenance and procedures. Power plant systems are under constant cyber attack via any connection to the Internet, so someone likely just got lucky, especially since the blackout came just a day or so after a report was published that was critical of the installation of insecure remote monitoring systems at power plants. 

The second one in Florida does raise more issues -- that does sort of look like the possible result of a high end hack that was intended only to probe for data but then ended up going awry.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>To Control systems/Electrical/Chemical engineer:</p>
<p>Maybe, maybe not:<br />
<a href="http://www.nationaljournal.com/njmagazine/cs_20080531_6948.php" rel="nofollow">http://www.nationaljournal.com/njmagazine/cs_20080531_6948.php</a></p>
<p>I personally think the first instance described, the northern/midwest blackout in 2003, was triggered by a hack that cascaded out of control thanks mostly to shoddy maintenance and procedures. Power plant systems are under constant cyber attack via any connection to the Internet, so someone likely just got lucky, especially since the blackout came just a day or so after a report was published that was critical of the installation of insecure remote monitoring systems at power plants. </p>
<p>The second one in Florida does raise more issues &#8212; that does sort of look like the possible result of a high end hack that was intended only to probe for data but then ended up going awry.</p>
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		<title>By: Scott (in Colorado)</title>
		<link>http://pjmedia.com/blog/how-to-prevent-a-digital-911/#comment-172548</link>
		<dc:creator>Scott (in Colorado)</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 20 Dec 2008 16:50:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pajamasmedia.com/?p=42036#comment-172548</guid>
		<description>I would advise the fortress-UNIX folks to stay alert.  I manage a large development test lab of Unix boxes and I have been instructed by IT to disable certain TCP ports for security reasons.  

My products are sold into large government and private institutions. Most of these folks carefully manage how they allow the internet to interact with their intranets.  In many cases they do not allow even trusted service partners remote access to their machine rooms.  They use &quot;dark links&quot; - dedicated, private lines to interconnect data centers and remote offices. And yes, they do allow Mister Softie&#039;s products in these operations and somehow manage to keep them in line. 

Obviously, this is still not a perfect world.  Tapes fall out of the back of trucks and insiders abuse their trusts.  Humans are still human and they will find ways to subvert the system or foul things up. 

I suspect that we already have plenty of laws in place to address negligence , fraud, and liability. Yet, I cannot recall any of the airlines involved in 9/11 being prosecuted for the negligent security lapses that enabled that disaster.  

I know developers that work control systems for the grid.  They speak in ladder-logic on systems without an operating system.  To them, the internet is a toy (I tend to agree with them on that one) and they understand the security aspects of what they are doing.

The rest of us *should* have a crank radio/flashlight and a personal security plan for the times when things go wrong.  If you expect the government to protect you during those times you come over to my place for a news update or a glass of water.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I would advise the fortress-UNIX folks to stay alert.  I manage a large development test lab of Unix boxes and I have been instructed by IT to disable certain TCP ports for security reasons.  </p>
<p>My products are sold into large government and private institutions. Most of these folks carefully manage how they allow the internet to interact with their intranets.  In many cases they do not allow even trusted service partners remote access to their machine rooms.  They use &#8220;dark links&#8221; &#8211; dedicated, private lines to interconnect data centers and remote offices. And yes, they do allow Mister Softie&#8217;s products in these operations and somehow manage to keep them in line. </p>
<p>Obviously, this is still not a perfect world.  Tapes fall out of the back of trucks and insiders abuse their trusts.  Humans are still human and they will find ways to subvert the system or foul things up. </p>
<p>I suspect that we already have plenty of laws in place to address negligence , fraud, and liability. Yet, I cannot recall any of the airlines involved in 9/11 being prosecuted for the negligent security lapses that enabled that disaster.  </p>
<p>I know developers that work control systems for the grid.  They speak in ladder-logic on systems without an operating system.  To them, the internet is a toy (I tend to agree with them on that one) and they understand the security aspects of what they are doing.</p>
<p>The rest of us *should* have a crank radio/flashlight and a personal security plan for the times when things go wrong.  If you expect the government to protect you during those times you come over to my place for a news update or a glass of water.</p>
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